Orthogonal complements

Orthogonality in Statistics

Orthogonal Matrices - Examples with Solutions

Construct a set of orthogonal contrasts, assuming that at the outset of the experiment you suspected the response time of brand 3 to be different from the other two.cl-c(l,1,-Z) # compare Brand 3 with the other twoc2 = c(1,-1,0) # additional orthogonal contrastQuestion 6.4: What do the results of the hypothesis test that the contrast of means is 0 show?

Aman | Quantum Explains on Instagram: "Explaination ⬇️ Under polarized light, menthol crystals exhibit a phenomenon known as birefringence, caused by their anisotropic molecular arrangement. When linearly polarized light enters the crystal, it splits into two orthogonal rays—ordinary and extraordinary—each traveling at different velocities due to varying refractive indices along distinct crystallographic axes. The resulting phase difference between these rays leads to interference upon recombina