In order to increase the dependability of quantum calculations, study explores the use of Shor’s algorithm in a noisy quantum ...

Discover what exponential growth is, learn how it differs from other growth types, and explore real-life examples like compounding interest and population growth.

A factual look at how probability models are used to create fair and engaging mechanics in tennis-themed digital games ...

The method, called Verbalized Sampling (VS), helps models like GPT-4, Claude, and Gemini produce more diverse and human-like outputs—without retraining or access to internal parameters. It is ...

In 1996 Spanish physicist Juan Parrondo made an incredible discovery: sometimes two games that each end in loss individually can be combined into a winning strategy. It helps explain the varied life ...

In certain circumstances, losses create a sure path to victory, an idea with implications for biology and cancer therapy ...

Abstract: This paper proposes a hierarchical safe reinforcement learning with prescribed performance control (HSRL-PPC) scheme to address the challenges of interconnected leader-follower systems ...

Abstract: For stochastic nonlower triangular nonlinear systems subject to dead-zone input, a neuroadaptive tracking control frame is constructed by applying the dynamic surface technique with a state ...

Bitcoin has a 50% probability of surpassing $140,000 this month, according to simulations using data from the past decade, says economist Timothy Peterson. “There is a 50% chance Bitcoin finishes the ...

Article subjects are automatically applied from the ACS Subject Taxonomy and describe the scientific concepts and themes of the article. Beyond these BD–MD hybrid strategies, Dibak et al. (22) ...