Abstract: We introduce a framework for controlling the charging and discharging processes of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) via pricing strategies. Our framework consists of a hierarchical ...

Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, National Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ...

Abstract: The integrated wheel-end module (IWEM) incorporates both driving and steering functions at the wheel end, enabling independent control of each wheel and significantly enhancing the vehicle’s ...

BMW now expects free cash flow of above €2.5 billion ($2.9 billion), down from above €5 billion previously BMW AG shares declined after the company lowered its financial guidance on persistently weak ...