Abstract: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a key technology for 5G networks, offering high spectral efficiency, resilience to multipath fading, and the capability to manage high ...

Copyright: © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Abstract: This paper investigates the thermal performance of multi-layer metal interconnects in three-dimensional (3D) stacked structures through finite element analysis (FEA). The 3D integrated ...