Lucas Downey is the co-founder of MoneyFlows, and an Investopedia Academy instructor. Michael Boyle is an experienced financial professional with more than 10 years working with financial planning, ...

Abstract: Current state-of-the-art plug-and-play countermeasures for mitigating adversarial examples (i.e., purification and detection) exhibit several fatal limitations, impeding their deployment in ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Somer G. Anderson is CPA, doctor of ...