You’re staring at the screen. It’s a quadratic equation that seems to mock your confusion. The clock’s ticking. Homework’s ...

Abstract: Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) occupy a pivotal position in the contemporary societal landscape, with one of their widespread applications being the vehicle routing problem, ...

Abstract: The quadratic knapsack problem (QKP) with constraints has been a focus of attention in combinatorial optimization, where traditional exact algorithms face difficulties in solving large-scale ...