Abstract: We present a statistical test for detecting information leaks in systems with continuous outputs. We use continuous mutual information to detect the information leakage from trial runs of a ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Are Gen Z workers really the problem in today's workforce? It's a running joke that employees falling into the Gen Z age range (born between 1997 and 2012) are lazy, unmotivated, and entitled. Endless ...

Daniel Jassy, CFA, is an Investopedia Academy instructor and the founder of SPYderCRusher Research. He contributes to Excel and Algorithmic Trading. Dr. JeFreda R. Brown is a financial consultant, ...