Cryptography secures communication in banking, messaging, and blockchain. Good algorithms (AES, RSA, ECC, SHA-2/3, ChaCha20) are secure, efficient, and widely trusted. Bad algorithms (DES, MD5, SHA-1, ...

Algorithms are pre-defined, self-contained sets of instructions designed to execute diverse functions, and they have been around for longer than you might expect. From ancient Babylon to the present ...

(i.e., the GCD of two numbers remains the same if the larger number is replaced by its remainder when divided by the smaller number).

One of the biggest barriers to using AI successfully is bias, which is one of the terms we defined last time, as follows: Bias, in a general context, refers to a predisposition or inclination towards ...

Pull requests help you collaborate on code with other people. As pull requests are created, they’ll appear here in a searchable and filterable list. To get started, you should create a pull request.

A blockchain is a distributed ledger that records transactions and account balances. There needs to be agreement on the state of the ledger among all participants. This is where the consensus ...

This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National Academy of Sciences elected in 2021.

AI algorithms can analyze transactions in real time, detect anomalies and patterns that may indicate fraudulent activities, and alert banks to take appropriate actions. An example of fraud detection ...