In the early twenty-first century, satellite-derived tropospheric warming trends were generally smaller than trends estimated from a large multi-model ensemble. Because observations and coupled model ...

The challenge of predicting space weather, which can cause issues with telecommunications and other satellite operations on Earth, requires a detailed understanding of the solar wind (a stream of ...

Differences in global or world models, including dramatic variation in forecasts they produce, have drawn considerable attention. Most analyses in search of the bases for differences focus on general ...