Angular spectrum methods constitute a powerful framework for simulating wave propagation and diffraction phenomena in optical systems. By decomposing a complex wavefield into its constituent plane ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract A simple method is provided for testing uniformity on the circle that allows dependence among repeated angular measurements on the same ...

ABSTRACT The technology to estimate engine load using the amplitude of crankshaft angular velocity variation during a cycle, which is referred to as “Δω (delta omega)”, in a four-stroke ...