Linear mixed models (LMMs) are a powerful and established tool for studying genotype–phenotype relationships. A limitation of the LMM is that the model assumes Gaussian distributed residuals, a ...

Linear mixed models are increasingly used for the analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of binary phenotypes because they can efficiently and robustly account for population ...

Mixed linear models are used to analyze data in many settings. These models have a multivariate normal formulation in most cases. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) or the residual MLE (REML) is ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Researchers often compare the relationship between an outcome and covariate for two or more groups by evaluating whether the fitted regression ...