Composite functions are made when the output from one function is used as the input of another function. The names of the functions are written next to each other, with the function that is used first ...

Current equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) that use serum creatinine or cystatin C incorporate age, sex, and race to estimate measured GFR. However, race in eGFR equations is a ...

Adjustment for race is discouraged in lung-function testing, but the implications of adopting race-neutral equations have not been comprehensively quantified. We obtained longitudinal data from ...

There is now little doubt that both the MDRD and CKD-EPI kidney function equations have contributed to structural racism in medicine and public health. For 20 years, race, a social interpretation of ...