Human enterprise is increasingly affecting biodiversity beyond outright species losses, causing changes in ecosystem functions and the services they deliver to human beings. However, few tools are ...

Research on ecosystem services (ES) has largely focused on the ecological functions that produce services or the economic valuation of the benefits provided by ecosystems. Far less research has ...

Yellow River Estuary in Dongying, east China's Shandong Province. In recent years, Shandong Province has launched initiatives ...

The terrestrial biosphere is a key component of the global carbon cycle and its carbon balance is strongly influenced by climate. Continuing environmental changes are thought to increase global ...