According to the authors, this evolution marks a clear transition from traditional rule-based security toward data-driven, ...

CNN and random forest model to detect multiple faults in bifacial PV systems, including dust, shading, aging, and cracks. Using simulated I-V curves and a 180-day synthetic dataset, the model achieved ...

According to the analysis, deep learning architectures such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and hybrid CNN-LSTM ...